Line-casting machine



Sept. 21, 1965 c. F. SWENSON 3,207,845

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Sept. 21, 1965 c. F. SWENSON LINE-CASTING MACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 12, 1963 W F K W mw TS mp L C Sept. 21, 1965 c. F. SWENSON 3,207,345

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LINE-CASTING MACHINE Filed March 12, 1963 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 5 INVENTOR.

CAQL IL.- SNEMS Y 14 P YE) Sept. 21, 1965 c. F. SWENSON LINE-CASTING MACHINE 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed March 12, 1963 rk @vx INVENTOR. P HE/vac 6 W3 6% A TTO/PNE United States Patent 3,207,845 LINE-CASTING MACHINE Carl F. Swenson, Hillsdale, N.J., assignor, by mesue assignments, to Powers & Eaton Industries, Inc., Hawthorne, N.J., a corporation of New Jersey Filed Mar. 12, 1963, Ser. No. 264,518 6 Claims. (Cl. 17817) The present invention relates to a line casting machine and more particularly to an improved line casting machine which will be automatically controlled without the use of a manually operable keyboard. The present invention is a continuation-in-part of pending United States patent application Serial No. 95,577, filed March 14, 1961.

Generally speaking, line casting machines comprise a magazine into which are stored matrices having the letters of the alphabet and other symbols thereon. A manually operable keyboard is operatively connected to the magazine and as each key is depressed a matrix is released from the magazine and assembled in an elevator. The keys are operated until a sufiicient number of matrices are released from the magazine and assembled in the elevator to complete a line of script. The elevator is then raised and the matrices are transferred to a slide carriage. The slide marriage is thereafter moved in front of a mechanism which makes a lead impression of the line of matrices. The matrices are then returned to the magazine.

Such line casting machines require manual operation of the keyboard by an operator who reads the desired material from a sheet and depresses each key in a manner similar to the operation of a typewriter.

Heretofore, mechanisms have been developed to control such line casting machines automatically by a perforated tape which is read by a tape reader and which releases the matrices from the magazine. Each combination of code holes or perforations in the tape will release a matrix from the magazine or will actuate the performance of some other function of the machine, such as raise the elevator, etc.

Some of such automatically controlled line casting machines have been operated by mechanical links, levers, etc. However, such mechanisms are comparatively slow, because they are completely mechanical they are limited by inertial and wear problems, they are not easily adapted to most model typesetting machines and installation is considerably more complicated.

Other automatic line casting machines have been electrically operated by pyramidtype of switching circuits. However, it has been found that such pyramid-type switching circuits are dependent on the speed of electro-mechanical devices, on the inherent problems of switching contacts, such as wear and dependability, both of which are a function of quality and quality is cost.

Such automatic line casting machines, both electrical and mechanical, also utilize tape readers which read the tape by pins insertable into the code holes in the tape and which utilize a pin wheel Whose pins are insertable in a central opening in the tape to move the tape along. As a result, such tapes tend to wear and if inadvertently pulled, they are usually torn and sometimes cause damage to the delicatepin mechanism of the tape reader.

In addition, the tape must stop on each code to be read on these devices and then passed on by a type of Geneva drive of the sprocket drive to expose the next code. This stop-go motion is also hard on the tape and necessarily time-consuming.

The present invention overcomes these drawbacks and provides an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line casting machine which has much greater speed capabilities and requires a minimum amount of maintenance.

3,Z@7,845 Patented Sept. 21, 1965 Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line casting machine which permits a smoother and more positive reading of the tape.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line casting machine which is electronically controlled.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line casting machine which will permit faster operations.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line casting machine in which a dual character circuit will introduce a delay.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line casting machine in which the tape reader has improved means for positively reading the tape.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line casting machine which will permit the operator to manually control the elevator when desired.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controling an automatic line casting machine having improved means for selecting a predetermined circuit or path and to pulse a signal through the predetermined circuit to release a matrix or perform some other function of the machine.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line casting machine in which the speed of the tape reader can be controlled to the best operational speed of the machine.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line-casting machine in which the feeding of the tape can be reversed.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved mechanism for controlling an automatic line casting machine which will operate quietly.

Other and further objects of the invention will be obvious upon an understanding of the illustrative embodiment about to be described, or will be indicated in the appended claims, and various advantages not referred to herein will occur to one skilled in the art upon employment of the invention in practice.

A preferred embodiment of the invention has been chosen for purposes of illustration and description and is shown in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the specification, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic simplified diagram showing the improved automatic control for the line casting machine of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the solenoids for releasing the individual matrices and for performing the other functions of the machine;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the improved tape reader used with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic side elevational view showing the operation of the improved tape reader;

FIG. 5 is a top view showing the tape in motion through the tape reader and showing the code perforations in the tape;

FIG. 5A is a schematic view showing the circuit for controlling the tape reader;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the front end amplifier utilized in the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the upper decoder adapted to decode the signals from the first three code openings in the tape;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the lower de- =31 coder adapted to decode the signals from the last three code openings in the tape;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit for pulsing a signal through the predetermined circuit opened by the code openings in the tape;

FIG. 9A is a schematic view of a wave form showing the time factor for pulsing the signal through the circuit;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the memory and delay circuit utilized with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the gating system utilized with the present invention to produce delays when desired;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit for controlling the raising and lowering of the elevator;

FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic exploded perspective view showing the elevator raising mechanism;

FIG. 14 is an exploded view showing the safety switches for the elevator;

FIG. 15 is an exploded elevational view showing the safety switch for the slide carriage;

FIG. 16 is an exploded schematic view showing one of the safety switches for the elevator cam;

FIG. 17 is an exploded schematic view showing the other safety switch for the elevator cam;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing the upper rail and lower rail circuit; and

FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing the shift and unshift relays.

For convenience, the present invention will first be described generally and the various parts will be described in detail under separate headings.

General description Referring more particularly to FIG. 13, the line casting machine comprises a keyboard 10 having a plurality of individual keys 11 (only three of which are shown in the drawings for clarity). Each of the keys 11 has a letter or other symbol on its face and when depressed is adapted to release a matrix from the magazine (not shown) through its extension arm 12 and other link and lever mechanisms (not shown).

In accordance with the present invention, each of the keys 11 is depressed by a solenoid 13 which may be located beneath the keys 11 and above extension arm 12 or on weights behind the keyboard or on the reeds directly, as shown in FIG. 13. When a particular solenoid is energized by a circuit which will be described hereinafter, its armature 14 is depressed to lower the extension 12 of the key 11 which in turn actuates the matrixreleasing mechanism to release a particular matrix from the magazine. It will be understood, of course, that the particular arrangement of the solenoids 13 for the actuation of the keys 11 shown in the drawings is merely one manner which may be used with the present invention and that other arrangements may also be used.

The circuit to the particular solenoid 13 which actuates a particular key 11 is closed by a perforated code tape 15 as shown in FIG. 5. The tape has six code openings designated (1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 which will open a particular path in the circuit depending upon the particular combination of code holes which is read by a tape reader, which will be described in greater detail hereinafter. The tape 15 has a central smaller opening M to permit a signal to be pulsed through the circuit to energize a particular solenoid 13 and release a particular matrix.

As shown in FIG. 5 the openings have been designated 0, 1 and 2 on one side of the central pulsing hole M and 3, 4 and 5 on the other side of the central pulsing opening M. By a combination of these code holes it will be noted that a number of paths through the circuit can be opened, each of the paths leading to one of the solenoids 13 which is controlled thereby.

In addition to releasing matrices from the magazine, the tape 15 also controls all of the other functions of the machine, such as elevate upper rail, lower rail, etc.

In all, through a shift and unshift circuit hereinafter described the perforated tape 15 is capable of 12S combinations to operate the line casting machine fully automatically.

The coded tape 15 is read by a photo-electric mechanism shown schematically in FIGS. 4 and 5, which comprises a light source L and a photo-diode housing P com prising photo-diodes P P P P P and P overlying the paths of openings (1, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, and a centrally located photo-diode P overlying the path of the central pulsing opening M.

The photo-diodes P to P are adapted to read the tape 15 to determine whether there is a hole present therebeneath or whether there is a no-hole (absence of a hole) therebeneath. In either case, a circuit is closed to the particular solenoid 13.

Referring to FIG. 1 which shows eight solenoids 13 only for clarity, the signals from the photo-diodes P to P are amplified by an amplifier T and by means of the flip-flop T and T a hole line is closed or the no-hole line is closed. In each case the particular hole line and no-hole line closed corresponds to the particular combination of code holes 0 to 5 appearing on the tape 15 when it is read by the photo-diodes P to P in the photodiode housing P. For this reason the hole lines in FIG. 1 have been designated 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 corresponding to the designations of the code holes 0 to 5 in tape 15, to indicate that if a particular code hole is read the corresponding hole line is closed and the no-hole lines in FIG. 1 have been designated 5, '1, '2, Z and 5 to indicate that if a particular code hole in the tape does not appear, the corresponding no-hole line will be energized.

Each hole line 0 to 2 and each no-hole line 5 to 2 is connected to a plurality of gates A to A connected through amplifying circuits 16 to one side of solenoids 13 and each hole line 3 to 5 and each no-hole line to E is connected to a plurality of gates B to B connected through the amplifying circuits 17 to the other side of the solenoids 13. Each of these gates are and gates so that all the conditions of the gate must be satisfied before the gate will open.

The hole line 0 is connected to gates A A A and A and corresponding hole line 3 0n the other side is connected to gates B B B and B The no-hole lines 6 and g are connected to gates A A A and A and to gates B B B and B respectively. The no-hole lines I and 1 are connected, respectively, to gates A A A and A and B B B and B whereas the hole lines 1 and 4 are connected to gates A A A and A and to B B B and B Finally, no-hole lines 2 and 5 are connected to gates A A A and A and B B B and B while hole lines 2 and 5 are connected to gates A A5, A6 and A and B4, B5, B6 and B7.

With this arrangement, a particular gate on each side of the solenoids 13 will be opened each time the tape is read by the photo-diode P to P For example, gate A will only operate if codes 5, 1 and 2 (i.e., holes 0, 1 and 2 do not appear on the tape) are read by the photo-diode and B will be opened when codes 1 and 5 are read by the photo-diodes. On the other hand, gates A and B will be operated only if the code 1 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (i.e., all the holes) appears on the tape.

Since the solenoids 13 are between the two sets of gates {K -A and Bo-Bq, a path through a single solenoid only 18 opened depending on which gates have been opened responsive to the code combination on the tape.

This is shown in the simplified version of the solenoid bank shown in FIG. 1. Each gate A A is shown as being connected to the solenoids 13a to 1371, respectively. The gate B is shown connected to all the solenoids 13a to 13h. For clarity, gates B to B, have been shown as being unconnected to any solenoids.

With this arrangement if the photo-diodes read the code 0, 1, 2, E, E, 5 the gates A and B are opened and the path through solenoid 13a is opened. Similarly, if the code is 5, 1, 2, 5, Z, 5, then gates A and B would be opened to close the circuit to solenoid 13g. The paths through the other solenoids 13a to 13 are opened in a similar manner.

It will thus be seen that depending upon the code combination in the tape which is read by the tape reader, a predetermined path will be opened through a particular solenoid and that when the central hole M on the tape is then read by the photo-diode P the signal will be pulsed through the predetermined path in the circuit to energize that solenoid only which will release a matrix or perform another function of the machine.

Inherent within the basic design of a typecasting machine, it takes longer for two successive matrices to be selected from the same channel of a magazine than it does for two successive matrices from different channels of the same magazine. When operating at higher speeds it is necessary to slow the reader down when dual characters are sensed so that the second character of the dual would not be left in the magazine.

In order to avoid this, the present invention introduces a delay in the machine which will stop the tape reader for a predetermined amount of time so that after the first character is released the machine can catch up before the second character will be released.

As shown in FIG. 1, the gate D -D has a positive set signal from the pulsing circuit, described more fully hereinafter, and receives a signal from the transistor T each time a code is read by the photo-diodes. If a hole appears under the same photo-diode in successive code combinations in the tape, the points Q to Q are at a negative potential indicating coincidence. If on the other hand the first and second holes were different points, Q, to Q would be at ground potential for no coincidence.

Each of the points Q, to Q are connected to the D -D portion of and gate D17-D24. If all the Q, to Q are at a negative potential, indicating coincidence of two successive codes, the gate D1q-Dz4 is opened and the or delay gate D -D is opened which places flipflop T T in condition to insert a delay in the pulsing circuit and to stop the tape reader.

If there is no coincidence, the collector of T is at ground potential and that of T is at a negative potential and the opposite occurs if there is coincidence. Transistors T -T lead to and gates D -D and D D respectively, and each of these gates also receives a signal from the central pulsing photo-diode P through flip-flop T T and condenser C If there is no coincidence, flip-flop T T will operate the pulsing transistor T to send a pulse through the path which has been opened by photo-diodes P to P to energize a particular solenoid or to perform some function of the machine.

However, if there is coincidence, the oscillator T17-T18 will introduce a delay in the pulsing of the signal through flip-flop T T to allow the second matrix to reach its releasing position and at the same time will stop the tape from being fed to prevent other matrices from being released. After a predetermined amount of time, the signal is released through the transistor T to release the sec ond matrix and the tape is again allow to move.

After each cycle, a signal from the pulsing circuit resets the flip-flop of T -T of the memory circuit to its normal state so that the cycle can start again.

Delays are also introduced in a similar manner for return, space ban and add thin space signals. For elevate, lower rail and upper rail signals, extra long delays are introduced to permit these functions to be completed.

Tape reader The improved tape reader of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5A and comprises a housing 20 within which is housed a source of light L which may be a single filament lamp. As set forth above, the diode 6 housing P houses the photo-diodes P to P and central photo-diode P which overlie the openings 0 to 5 on the tape and central opening M.

The central photo-diode P is slightly in advance of the other six photo-diodes P to P The central pulsing hole M is smaller than other code holes P to P so that the signal through the circuit is begun and finished while the code holes 0 to 5 are still being read by their respective photo-diodes P to P The tape 15 is moved over the light source L by a plurality of friction drive rolls 21 and 21a driven by a suitable motor (not shown).

Directly above each of the rubber rolls 21 and 21a are knurled spring loaded idle pressure rollers 22 and 22a mounted on arms 23a and 24a respectively which press the tape 15 into contact with drive rolls 21 to permit the tape to be advanced thereby.

The light source L is lit and the light shown upwardly through a particular code combination on the tape 15, depending on the code holes 0 to 5 which are passed thereover, so that the respective photo-diodes P to P will set up a path in the circuit through one of the operat ing solenoids as discussed above. As the tape advances further the central pulsing opening M then passes beneath the offset central photo-diode P to pulse the signal through the path.

Located beneath the idle pressure roller 22 is a lever 23 which is connected to the armature 24 of a stop-tape solenoid 25. When the solenoid 25 is energized it will swing its armature 24 downwardly and thereby pivot the lever 23 on fulcrum 26 to raise the tape 15 away from the friction drive roller 21. This prevents the tape 15 from being moved during certain functions of the machine which require that the tape feeding be stopped.

After this condition has passed and it is desired to again move the tape 15 the solenoid 24 is dc-energized so that the lower 23 is lowered and the tape 15 is again brought into contact with the friction drive roller 21 to permit it to move.

The circuit for controlling the tape reader is shown in FIG. 5A and comprises a suitable variable speed drive motor 30 controlled by a master switch 27 and a multipositioned selector switch 28 which takes power from a multi-tap transformer 29 to vary the speed of the motor 30. The armature of motor 30 is rectified by a rectifier 31 and the field 32 of motor 30 is rectified by field rectifier 33. With this structure the speed of the tape 15 can be varied by the switch 28 so that it will move at the best speeds for the varying conditions encountered in typesetting operations.

The direction of the motor 30 can be reversed by a suitable reversing switch 34 to reverse the direction of the type. When the tape is reversed the light source L is shut off so that the photo-diodes P to P and P will not be activated by the reverse code If desired, the light source L need not be switched off in order to permit the tape reader to read the tape in the reverse direction.

Suitable safeties, such as a tight tape switch 35 and tight tape relay 36 and an end tape switch 37 are positioned in contact with the tape so that if the tape 15 runs out or an excessive pressure is exerted on the tape 15 a circuit is closed to base resistor of stop tape transistor T of FIG. 12.

It will be seen that with this structure there is a smooth operation which will also prevent the tape from being torn. The present structure will also permit the tape to move in either direction at a more positive and uniform speed.

Power solenoid system FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic wiring diagram of the solenoids 13 which actuate the various keys on the line casting machine to permit the matrices to be released or perform some other function of the machine. The principle of operation has been described in General Description in connection with FIG. 1 above.

Since the system utilizes six photo-diodes P to P and six code holes 0 to 5, the six holes combination may be arranged to give 64 individually selected outputs. The first three code holes 0, 1, 2 are arranged in pyramid fashion to give eight separate outputs in gates A to A and the other three code holes 3, 4, 5 are arranged to give another eight separate outputs in gates B to B By placing the operating solenoids and relays between the two groups of eight, so that the individual outputs on one side are electrically connected to each output on the other side, a total of sixty-four selectable circuits are possible. By utilizing a shift and unshift circuit, described hereinafter, 128 circuits may now be used.

The gates A to A actuate the power amplifier 16 connected to a group of eight solenoids 13X to 13X; called the first bank. The power amplifiers 16 may also be connected to a group of eight additional solenoids 13Y to 13Y called the second bank, when a plurality of switches 4-0 between solenoid banks 13X and 13Y are shifted from one bank 13Y to the other bank 13X by a shift bar 41 connecting the switches 45 together.

Each of the individual solenoids has a diode 14 which permits current to flow in one direction only and thus prevents feed-back. The second group of gates B to By are connected to the second group of power amplifiers 17 which are connected to the individual solenoids in each group 13X 13X and 13Y 13Y The gates B through B are generally connected to the first through eighth solenoids, respectively, in each solenoid group.

Thus, with this arrangement and the switches 40 in the shift positions shown in FIG. 2, if code combination 5, I, 2, 5, 4, 5 appears on the tape, gates A and B, will be opened so that the l solenoid of the 13X, group is energized and a 1 matrix is dropped from the magazine. On the other hand, if the code combination 5, 1, Z 3, 4, 5 appears on the tape, gates A and B will be opened to energize the f solenoid of the 13X;, group.

When the switches 45 are moved to their unshift position, and the same code combinations appear in the tape, the L and F solenoids of groups l3Y and 13Y respectively, will be energized. Hence, by a variety of code combinations on the tape, any number of letters and symbols may be assembled in the elevator and functions of the machines may be performed.

It will be noted that in the 13X, and 13Y groups of solenoids, only seven individual solenoids have been shown. If none of the holes appears on the tape, so that the tape code is 5, T, E, 5, 4, 5, the tape merely continues to be fed. This is necessary since the spacing between openings is blank, and if the signal 5 through 5 were to perform some function of the machine other than mere tape feed, that particular function would operate between successive code readings of the tape.

It will also be noted that a slight variation appears in solenoids banks 13X 13Y and 13X713Y7. Gate B is connected to the eighth lead line, rather than the seventh lead line, and gate B is connected to the seventh lead line, rather than the eighth lead line. In addition, there are only seven individual solenoids in the 13X -13Y groups and that the first individual solenoids in the group llSX is connected to the last individual solenoid in group 13Y so that gate A is connected to both banks of solenoids 13X and 13Y Since gate B is connected to the shift solenoid and gate B is connected to the unshift solenoid when code combination 5, 1 and 2 appears gate A is opened and the path is directed through both the shift and unshift solenoids. However, if the code also reads 5, 4 and 5, then gate B is opened which will complete the circuit to the shif solenoid to move the switches 45 to the position shown in FIG. 2, connectlng the gates A to A to the solenoid groups 13Y to 13Y On the other hand, if the code combination is 3, 4 and 5, gate B is opened which completes the circuit through the 9 u unshif solenoid, thereby returning the switches 40 back to the unshift position whereby the gates A to A are connected to solenoid groups 13Y to 13Y Shift and unshift circuit The shift and unshift circuit has already been described in connection with the description of the power solenoid system shown in FIG. 2. The circuit will now be described in greater detail.

Instead of the usual solenoids, the shift and unshift lines contain latching-type relays 42 and 43, as shown in FIG. 19, which is an eight-pole double-throw latching type relay. The latching type relays control a shift bar 41 which connects all of the shift and unshift switches 45 together, as shown in FIG. 2. Thus, when the shift or unshift relays 42 and 43 are energized, the shift bar 41 is shifted to move the switches 40, in unison, from one bank of solenoids to the other so that the different banks of solenoids are placed in or out of the circuit.

As described above, the shift signal path is opened with the code combination on the tape reading 5, ll, 2, 5, 4, 5. When this occurs, gates A and B are opened and when the signal is pulsed through, the shift relay, say relay 42 in FIG. 19, will be energized to move the shift bar 41 upwardly and to place the switches 40 in the shift position, which is the position shown in FIG. 2 so that the bank of solenoids 13X to 1324 are placed in the circuit. At the same time, since the shift relay 42 is a latching type relay, the relay 42 is mechanically clamped, so that the shift bar 41 is maintained in the shift position after the signal has ended.

On the other hand, when an unshift signal is sensed, that is, when the code combination on the tape is 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and gates A and B are opened, the unshift relay 43 is energized, which depresses the shift bar 41 to move the switches 45 downwardly to the unshift position, so that the bank of solenoids TEY to l3Y are placed in the circuit. Here again, the unshift relay 43 is a latching type relay which will mechanically hold the shift bar 41 in the unshift position until the shift code combination is again sensed and the procedure is repeated.

Front end amplifier Each photo-diode P to P is connected to a front end amplifier circuit which amplifies the signal cell and which determines whether there is a hole ora no-hole and conditions the memory circuit (described hereinafter) for the particular contingency. Each of the front end amplifiers are identical for each photo-diode P to P only one will be described for clarity.

Referring to FIG. 6, when there is a no-hole in the tape sensed by the photo-diode P (FIG. 6) the transistor T (PNP) is conducting. With T conducting, its collector is returned to ground which puts the base of transistor T (PNP) positive thereby turning T off. The point N is placed at a negative potential. The point N, through a no-hole line, leads to diodes D and D of gates D -D and D D (FIG. 10) and to one of the diodes D to D of gates A -A or Bo-Bq. The base of the transistor T (PNP) is negative with respect to its emitter, which allows it to conduct thus placing point H at ground potential. The point H, through the hole line, leads to diode D of gate D -D (FIG. 10) and to one of the diodes D to D of gates A A or Bo-Bq. Hence, the hole line is now at ground and the no-hole line is at a negative potential.

On the other hand, if there is a hole in the tape and the photo-diode senses light, the opposite condition exists. The base of T now is positive with respect to its emitter thereby turning it off, and its collector becomes negative. The base of T becomes negative with respect to its emitter thereby turning T on and returning point N to ground. At the same time, since the collector of T is positive, the base of T becomes positive, so that T is turned off, and point N now has a negative potential. Hence, the

9 hole line is now negative and the no-hole" line is on ground potential.

In effect, when there is a hole in the tape, the hole line (point H) is negative and the no-hole line (point N) is at ground and when there is no hole in the tape, the no-hole line is negative and the hole line is at ground.

Upper decoder As described above, each of the front end amplifiers, shown in FIG. 6, has points N or H which are either at negative or ground potential, depending on a hole or no-hole situation. From a selection of three photodiodes in one of two states (on or off) a selection of eight gates is available. Each of the points N or H connects to one of the diodes D D of gates A to A (FIG. 7) which is called the upper decoder and to diodes D D of gates B 43 (FIG. 8) which will be referred to as the Lower Decoder. The Upper Decoder, embodying gates A to A will be described first with reference to FIG. 7.

Each gate A A is an and gate and comprises diodes D D and D This and gate controls the power switch transistor T which is connected to one side of the solenoid bank and to the pulsing transistor T (FIG. 9). Transistors T and T constitute the amplifiers 16 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Each of the diodes D D connected to points N or H of the three front end amplifiers is energized by photodiodes P P When the right combination of N and H points of the photo-diode circuit satisfies the condition such that each of the diodes D D of the particular gate are at ground, then the base of transistor T (NPN) becomes positive, which turns this transistor on and puts the base of T (PNP) negative, which also turns transistor T on.

Since no other gate has been satisfied for the particular code combination sensed by the first three photo-diodes P P only one transistor T of the eight present will be turned on and will open a path to a single solenoid in the solenoid bank. The pulse from transistor T (FIGS. 1 and 9) will then be directed through that particular solenoid to energize it.

Lower decoder The lower decoder (FIG. 8) operates in a manner similar to the upper decoder described above and comprises transistors T (PNP), T (PNP), and T (NPN) which together constitute the amplifiers 17 of the circuits shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and which are connected to the other side of the solenoid bank.

The gate D D is an and gate, which is connected to the respective points N and H of the front end amplifier controlled by photo-diodes P to P Here again, there are eight identical lower decoder circuits, only one of which will be described.

Transistor T amplifies the signal in the usual manner, transistor T inverts the signal, and T is a selected switching transistor and operates like transistor T of the Upper Decoder (described in connection with FIG. 7).

Transistor T is connected to the other sides of each of the banks of solenoids. When a particular gate is opened by a particular code combination to make one of the eight transistors T of the lower decoder conduct and at the same time one of the eight transistors T of the upper decoder is also conducting, only one of the 128 possible paths will be opened for the signal to be pulsed therethrough,

Memory and dual character circuits During certain functions of the machine, as pointed out above, it is desirable to have a delay inserted. In addition to the usual delays of Rub Out, Space Band, Add Thin Space, etc., it has been found that when two or more consecutive characters have to be used in a line of type, the magazine will drop the first matrix, but the matrix immediately behind it must travel the distance of the space occupied by the previously released matrix. The time within which the matrix will travel this distance is greater than the time within which the tape will sense an additional code combination. Therefore, unless a delay is introduced at this point, the second matrix may not fall.

In order to avoid this, the present invention embodies the use of a memory and dual character circuit which will sense whether or not two consecutive signals being read by the tape reader are identical and if so, will delay the reading of the tape and the pulsing of the signal. It will be understood that, as shown in FIG. 1, six of these circuits are used, i.e., one for each photo diode. However, only one will be described for clarity.

This is shown schematically in FIG. 10 in which transistors T (PNP) and T (PNP) represent a bi-stable oscillator. Its function is to remember whether or not the last code read by the photo-diode was a hole or a no-hole. It then allows a comparison to be made of the new code coming in and, whether or not coincidence exists, the comparison between the previous code and the new code is transmitted through either diode gate D D or D D which control the transistor T (PNP). The state of T determines whether there is concidence, and a dual character is recognized by each of the six code holes indicating coincidence.

In FIG. 9A a square wave form is shown which is like one which may be seen on the usual oscilloscope. The wave form is shown as seen from points N or H depending on whether there is a hole or a no-hole. The pulsing of the signal through the circuit, as more fully described hereinafter, is controlled by the central hole M on the tape. The pulsing must take place after the particular code combination has been set, and it must be released before the code combination is re-set. Hence, the comparison of the two sets of codes must take place after the code is exposed and before the signal is pulsed through the circuit.

On the forward slope of the wave shown in FIG. 9A, the T T flip-flop is re-set to its normal state in which T (PNP) is off and T T (PNP) is conducting, and on the return slope of the wave, the set pulse puts transistors T -T in a state corresponding to the state of the information hole.

As described above point N is at ground for hole and at negative potential for no-hole. Condenser C has stored a positive potential from T of FIG. 9 and has a positive going pulse on the set part of the wave. If point N is at ground, because of a hole structure, the base of transistor T is brought to a positive potential, thereby shutting T off. The voltage divider R -R and R puts the base of T negative and turns it on, so that the collector of T is at ground potential. With T in this state, it represents a hole situation on the first code.

If the code sensed by the same photo-diode is also a hole point N is again at ground, the collector of T is also at ground from the previous signal and the and gate D -D puts the base of T (PNP) through divider R -R to a positive potential, thereby turning T off. In this condition point Q is at a negative potential to activate the delay gate.

However, if the next code is a no-hole point N would be at a negative potential, and regardless of the fact that T is at ground, the gate D D allows current to fiow from a positive to a negative potential through divider R -R to cause the base of T to be negative, so as to allow T to conduct and bring point Q to ground potential.

If the opposite condition exists, so that the first code is a no-hole, then point N would have been at a negative potential when the positive signal is pulsed through. This would have no effect on the base of transistor T and the flip-flop "T -T would remain in its normal state with T conducting and its collector at ground potential. In this particular situation, if the next signal is another no-hole code, the and gate D D will be at ground together with the collector of transistor T and with point H. This turns off transistor T putting the point Q at a negative potential. It the next signal were then a hole then point H is at a negative potential and the collector of T is at ground. In addition, point N is at ground and the collector of T is at a negative potential, so that the gates D D and D -D do not detect coincidence and T remains in the conducting state with the point Q at ground.

It will be noted that for each photo-diode P -P there is a point Q and that each of the points Q to Q must be at negative potential in order for the delay circuit (described hereinafter) to become effective.

Coincidence gates As described above, the memory and dual character circuit determines whether there is coincidence, in which event a delay must be introduced, or whether there is no coincidence, in which event no delay is introduced The coincidence gate circuit is shown in FIG. ll and the purpose of such a circuit is to compare all six of the memory and dual character outputs Q to Q so that a delay will be introduced it two successive signals are identical.

If coincidence appears on all six points Q to Q so that the first code and the second code are the same, it will indicate the particular condition by putting transistor T (PNP) on the bringing point P to ground. This places transistor T (PNP) off and point K to a negative potential.

The inputs to gate D ,D are connected to the points Q, to Q respectively of the dual character and memory circuit shown in FIG. 10. As was seen, if coincidence existed, the points O to Q was at a negative potential, whereas if no coincidence existed, one of the points Q, to Q is at ground potential.

Under normal conditions of no coincidence one of the points Q, to Q is at ground potential and a positive potential renders the base of transistor T (PNP) positive with respect to its emitter, and hence is not conducting. Transistor T is conducting because its base is negative with respect to the emitter. If T is on, the base of T is positive with respect to its emitter and is off. Therefore, if there is no coincidence, point P is at a negative potential and point K is at ground potential. Voltage divider R46-R47 places the emitter of T at a negative potential. If there is no coincidence, the point V will be at ground potential and the base of T is then more positive because the resistance 11 -11 cooperate to divide the voltage.

However, if coincidence exists so that points Q to Q; are at negative potential, point V is then dropped to a lower negative potential, and the base of T at a negative potential and the voltage divider R -R places the base of the trasistor T positive with respect to its emitter which shuts it off. In this condition, resistors R and R which are less than the resistance R place the base of transistor T negative with respect to its emitter to turn it on. With this arrangement for coincidence, point P is at ground potential and point K is at negative potential which introduces a delay in the circuit.

Gate D D may indicate coincidence by all points Q to Q being returned to a negative potential, but as a result of an all-hole or an all no-hole code combination, which is indicated by gates D D and 13 43 respectively, so that all points connected to one of the gates affected would be at ground potential. In this situation, if the output of either gate is at ground, point V is also at ground and would cancel out the coincidence indication set up by the coincidence gate 1317-1322. This is necessary so that a delay is not inserted when these two particular code combinations are sensed.

For certain signals, such as return, space band," add thin space and elevate, a delay is also required to give the machine sufiicient time to perform its particular function before continuing the reading of the tape. These are represented by gates D D D D D -D and Dag-D85. When any of these code combinations appear all points of the particular gate affected are returned to a negative potential through the or delay gate Dqo-D75, thereby placing the base of transitsor T negative with respect to its emitter and simulating a coincidence condition to effect a delay in the manner described above.

In addition, a delay is also desired if there is an upperrail and lower-rail signal, represented by gates D D91 and D D However, it has been found that when an upper rail or lower rail function is desired and also when the return function is desired, a long delay is required. This is accomplished by connecting these three gates, not only to the ordinary delay gate D70D75 but to long delay gate D D As shown in FIGS. 9 and 11 transistor T (PNP) is normally conducting, that is, its base is negative. However, when a return, upper-rail, lower-rail signal enter, the positive signal turns this transistor off, causing the extra resistors R and R (FIG. 9) to increase the dissipation of the charge on the condenser C and therefore permitting a delay of greater length, as will be pointed out hereinafter.

Signal pulsing and delay circuit A signal is pulsed through the circuit by the central photo-diode P of sensing the central opening M in the tape 15 to activate a single solenoid after a path has been opened through the circuit by the other photo-diodes P to P as described above.

The pulsing circuit is schematically shown in FIG. 9. The primary function of the pulsing circuit is to sense the central pulsing hole Pm and to send out a timed pulse for example of about 20 milliseconds. As seen from the wave form shown in FIG. 9A the pulse must be started after the code holes have been sensed and must be released before the code holes have been released.

The pulse hole Pm is triggered off only at the leading edge thereof and once the light is strong enough to reduce the resistance of its photo-diode Pm, it sets off a typical trigger circuit, for example, a Schmitt trigger circuit comprising transistors T and T When the central photo-diode Pm first senses the pulsing hole M, its resistance is reduced, which starts to cutoff transistor T (PNP). As T starts to turn off, the base of transistor T (PNP) becomes negative, thereby conducting. The resistance R is less than the resistance R and since these two resistances are in parallel, the effective resistance is lowered which causes an increased drop across resistance R With this drop in potential T is turned off faster and T is turned on faster so that the collector forms an abrupt square wave from a negative potential to ground as shown in FIG. 9A.

The delay capacitor C coupled between the collector of transistor T and resistor R and forms a positive common pulse for gates D D and D -D Since point K represents no cincidence and is at ground a positive pulse sensed through D from capacitor C causes a positive pulse from capacitor C through D to bring the base of transistor T (PNP) positive with respect to its emitter thereby turning T off and to set D in FIG. 10 with a positive pulse. Capacitor C will hold T off for a predetermined time constant represented by C variable resistor R and R Transistor T (PNP) is held on for this period because while T is 01f, the voltage divider R R .and R make the base T negative. This turns T on for a predetermined time and re-sets D of FIG. 10 with a positive pulse.

The base of T then goes to ground which now makes transistor T conduct. With transistor T on, the collector thereof goes to ground potential, and since the base of transistor T lies between R and R it will go negative with respect to its emitter and be turned on. This permits the signal to be pulsed to the solenoids through transistor T in FIG. 7. Hence, the transistor T is the switch which pulses the signal through the network.

On the other hand, if there is coincidence point K will be at a negative potential and capacitor Q, will not change its state to allow a charge through D Point F will be at ground and gate D D becomes effective to allow a positive pulse to appear at capacitor C This turns the base of transistor T (PNP) positive, thereby turning transistor T off and T (PNP) on to place the base of transistor T (PNP) positive with respect to its emitter. This controls the circuit of the stop tape coil which energizes stop-tape solenoid 25 (FIG. 4) so that the tape is prevented from advancing for a predetermined interval represented by C variable resistance R and resistance R As soon as this interval of time has elapsed, capacitor C pulses a positive charge through D into the base of T of the main oscillator and, as explained above, pulses the selected solenoid through the master switch transistor T In the case of the long delays required for return, upper-rail and lower-rail T is oif which causes resistors R and R to increase the dissipation of charge on condenser C thereby increasing the time-constant before the signal is pulsed.

It will thus be seen that if there is no coincidence the signal is pulsed through T without a delay but if there is coincidence the signal is delayed for a time constant and thereafter pulsed through T Upper rail-lower rail circuit As is common in such line casting machines, each matrix has two characters on each of its faces. The determination of the use of a particular character of the matrix characters is controlled by assembling the matrix on an upper rail or a lower rail. The circuit for controlling the upper rail and lower rail is shown in FIG. 18.

It will be noted that the same lower decoder transistor T is used for the lower rail signal and for the upper rail signal and that T a is for the upper decoder upper rail signals and T b is for the upper decoder lower rail signals. Between these two sets of transistors is interposed resistance R and R which replace the conventional solenoid between the two transistors. With this arrangement, if an upper rail signal appears, there will be a voltage drop in R making the point I positive with respect to the point Z. In this condition, the transistor T (PNP) will turn on putting a positive pulse across condenser C The positive pulse effects the state of the oscillator T72T73 turning transistor T off and turning transistor T (NPN) on. This starts transistor T (PNP) and energizes the upper rail solenoid 13M which pulls the rail over to the upper position. At the same time, point G is the same potential as point Z and will leave that part of the circuit unaffected.

When the lower rail signal is sensed, point G becomes positive with respect to point Z, and in a similar manner transistor T (PNP) of the amplifier. Transistor T now conducts, which grounds the base of transistor T 74 thereby shutting off this transistor, which in turn shuts off the transistor T75 to de-energize the upper rail solenoid to return the rail to the lower rail position by spring return.

Elevator switching circuits In raising and lowering the elevator 101 (FIGS. 13 and 14) to bring a line of matrices up from the assembly position to the position where they are transferred to a delivery slide 102 (FIG. 15) there are various safety switches which prevent the tape from being read and additional matrices from being released until the elevator is back in its lowered position.

The circuit for the safety switches is shown in FIGS. 12

through 17. The solenoid E in FIG. 12 is the load between the transistors T and T which is energized when an elevate signal is pulsed through the circuit from transistor T as explained above. The energization of solenoid E closes its hold contacts E and E to hold itself energized. Immediately the stop tape solenoid 25 is energized, which stops the tape from being read as explained above. If the delivery slide 102 on the line casting machine is back in its normal position ready to receive matrices from the assembling elevator 101, the switch S is closed. If the assembly elevator 101 is down in its normal position, the double throw switch S is in its first position. Clutch is energized and begins to rotate which closes the switch S and also shifts the switch S to its second position. When the clutch 100 raises the assembly elevator 101 to its upper position, switch S is opened, which de-energizes the relay E. The delivery slide 102 also leaves its normal position due to the assembling elevator reaching the uppermost portion of its stroke, thereby causing the switch S to open. When the assembling elevator has made one complete revolution and returns to its normal position, the switch S returns to its first position to thereby remove bias to T hence opening the circuit to the stop tape solenoid 25, allowing the tape to advance.

There are several other safeties which will immediately stop the tape. One such safety is switch S which Will stop the machine if the delivery slide 102 is not in its normal position ready to accept a line from the assembling elevator 101. In this case, the clutch 100 will not be energized because the switch S is open. However, the elevate signal will be memorized until the delivery slide 102 returns to its normal position.

Should the elevator 101 not return to its down position, the switch S would not return to its first position to deenergize the stop tape solenoid 25. Therefore, unless the assembling elevator 101 is in the proper position to accept matrices, none will be assembled after an elevate signal until all the proper conditions are met and the elevator returns to its down position.

If in raising the assembling elevator meets with resistance, a clutch (not shown) on the rubber roll front shaft 104 (FIG. 13) will slip to depress the switch S and thereby allow the elevator to return to its normally down position, while at the same time, not destroy the elevate signal which has been memorized by the relay E. After the obstruction has been removed, the switch S is closed and the clutch re-energized.

The switch S holds the clutch 100 engaged for one complete revolution only, at which time the clutch 100 is de-energized and the shaft stops its rotation.

Switches S S and S must be in their proper positions before the clutch 100 can be re-energized again.

Elevator raising mechanism Applicant has provided an improved mechanism for raising the elevator. This is shown in FIG. 13 and comprises a keyboard cam rubber roll shaft 104 which is constantly being driven from a source of power.

At the end of the rubber roll front shaft 104 is a friction type clutch (not shown) which slips when a higher than normal resistance is placed on the shaft. At the other end of the front shaft 104 are a pair of miter gears 105 and 106, the output 106 of which is attached to the rotating end of a magnetic clutch 100. When the mag netic clutch 100 is energized, a worm 107 and worm gear 108 attached to the non-rotating member of the clutch is set into motion. The worm gear 108 rotates a shaft 109 which turns a crank 110 at one end and two cams 111 and 1 12 attached at its other end. Rotation of the crank mechanism 110 which transforms rotary motion to linear motion causes the assembling elevator 101 to rise. A complete revolution of 360 completes one raising and lowering cycle of the assembling elevator. The rotating shaft 109 operates safely the switches S and S 15 described by means of cams 111 and 112 as described above.

The crank 11th is mounted on a hollow rod 115 within which is telescopically mounted an inner rod 116 which has one end mounted on elevator 101 and its other end resting on a coil spring 117 within the rod 115. This allows the elevator 101 to be raised manually by means of rod 116 if for some reason such manual operation is desired. At the same time, the spring 117 on which the inner rod rests is adapted to be compressed at the top of the elevator cycle to allow the length of the rod to be adjusted automatically and compensate for any variation of center-line distances of different line-casting machines.

Operation The operation of the present invention will be obvious from the foregoing description, however, for convenience, it will be briefly reviewed with reference to FIG. 1.

The perforated tape 15 which is being read by the tape reader 21) is passed over a lamp L and beneath a photo diode assembly P so that as each code combination in the tape passes therebeneath a corresponding combination of photo-diodes P to P will be activated. The tape reader has a continuous friction drive which prevents the tape from being torn and which permits more positive feeding of the tape. An adjustable feed is possible to better coordinate assembly speed with machine s eed.

The signal from each photo-diode is amplified by the front end amplifier T and depending on Whether a hole or no-hole appears, the flip-flop T T will open a circuit to either the no-hole line or the hole line of both the upper and lower decoders.

Each of the lines is connected to several gates A to A for the first three photo-diodes P to P constituting the upper decoder and the gates B 43 are connected to the lines of the lower decoder comprising photo-diodes P to P A particular code combination on the tape will open a single path through the circuit which will pass through one of the solenoids 13a to 1371 to perform a certain function of the machine. As the tape continues to move, the central pulsing hole M is sensed by the central photo-diode Pm and a signal is pulsed through the open path to the particular solenoid through the pulsing transistor T so that the magazine will drop a particular matrix or perform some other function.

Each new signal from each of the photo-diodes P to P is compared with the old signal by means of gates D7-D8 and is transferred to the coincidence gate D17D24 through T This gate will be conditioned by the signals that if the two are identical, it will actuate a delay gate D70D75 which will actuate the stop tape solenoid for a predetermined time interval in order to give the second matrix time to move to the release position before the actual signal is pulsed through T In addition, several other functions, such as return, add thin space, elevate, space band, lower rail and upper rail require delays so that when these signals are sensed in the tape, the delay gate D D or the long delay gate D76D73 is offered and a delay is inserted in the feeding of the tape.

In addition, the elevator 101 (FIG. 13) is raised by a crank 11%) which moves a hollow sleeve 115 within which is telescopically mounted a rod 116. The rod 116 can be manually manipulated to raise the elevator 1111 if such manual operation is necessary or desired.

It will thus be seen that the present invention provides an improved automatic line casting machine which is inexpensive to manufacture, requires a minimum amount of maintenance, and which is electronically controlled to give a smoother and faster operation. The present invention also permits a more positive reading of the tape and will prevent the tape from being torn and which will permit the tape to be stopped instantaneously if desired.

The present invention also provides an improved mechanism for delaying the tape feeding when there is a dual character or when some other operation requires it and improved means for opening a path through the circuit and pulsing the signal therethrough. In addition, the present invention has improved means for manually raising the elevator when desired.

While a tape is shown herein and while the tape is shown as being perforated, it is within the scope of the present invention to utilize a code bearing media other than a tape and that instead of perforations other types of codes may be used. Thus, it will further be understood that while the term tape is used herein it is intended to include any code bearing media and when the terms opening, hole or no-hole is used herein, it is intended to include any other type of code which may be used.

Furthermore, while the invention has been described with reference to transistors, it is within the scope of the present invention to utilize any electron discharge device.

As various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without sacrificing any of its advantages, it is to be understood that all matter herein is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A tape reader for reading tape having a code opening and a pulsing opening to control an electric circuit, said code opening being effective to define a plurality of electric circuit paths, means for moving a tape along a plane, a source of light on one side of the tape plane, a photo-diode code responsive means on the other side thereof responsive to light passing through the code opening in the tape to open one of said paths, and a pulse producing photo-diode offset from said photo-diode code responsive means in a direction parallel to the tape movement and responsive to the pulsing opening in the tape to pulse a signal through said opened path.

2. A tape reader for reading a tape having a plurality of code openings therein and a pulsing opening to control an electric circuit, said code opening being effective to define a plurality of electric circuit paths, means for moving a tape along a plane, a source of light on one side of the plane of the tape, a plurality of photo-diode code responsive means on the other side of said tape plane responsive to light passing through the code opening in the tape to open one of said paths, and a pulse-producing photo-diode adjacent said photo-diode code responsive means responsive to the pulsing opening in the tape to pulse a signal through said opened path, said pulseproducing photo-diode being operative after said photodiode code responsive means have become operative to open said path.

3. A tape reader as claimed in claim 2 wherein pulseproducing photo-diode is beyond said photo-diode code responsive means in the direction of movementof the tape.

4. A tape reader for reading a tape having a plurality of code openings therein and a pulsing opening between said code openings to control an electric circuit, said code opening being effective to define a plurality of electric circuit paths, means for moving a tape along a plane, a source of light on one side of the plane of the tape, photodiode code responsive means on the other side responsive to light passing through the code opening in the tape to open one of said paths, and a pulse-producing photodiode between said photo-diode code responsive means and responsive to the pulsing opening in the tape to pulse a signal through said opened path, said pulseproducing photo-diode being beyond said photo-diode code responsive means in the direction of movement of said tape.

5. A tape reader as claimed in claim 4 wherein said tape comprises six code openings and a centrally located smaller pulsing opening and wherein said light source is located beneath the tape plane and said photo-diode code responsive means are located above the tape plane and comprises six photo-diodes operatively associated with the code openings and a central pulse-producing photo-diode operatively associated with the central pulsing opening.

6. A tape reader for reading a tape having code openings and a pulsing opening for control, said code openings being effective to define a plurality of electric circuit paths, means for moving a tape along a plane, a source of light one one side of the plane of the tape, a code light-sensitive device on the other side of the tape plane responsive to light passing through the code openings in the tape to open one of said plurality of electric circuit paths, a pulsing light-sensitive device offset from said code light-sensitive device in a direction parallel to the tape movement and responsive to light passing through the pulsing opening in the tape to pulse a signal through said opened path.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,057,773 10/36 Finch 178-66 2,120,378 6/38 Tauschek 340-339 2,212,947 8/40 Myer et al. 178-42 2,351,229 6/44 Potts 178-42 2,382,251 8/45 Parker et al. 178-17 2,877,012 3/59 Angel et al. 226-9 3,041,597 6/62 NaXon 178-17 3,051,953 8/62 Shepard 226-9 NEIL C. READ, Primary Examiner.

ROBERT H. ROSE, Examiner. 

1. A TAPE READER FOR READING TAPE HAVING A CODE OPENING AND A PULSING OPENING TO CONTROL AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT, SAID CODE OPENING BEING EFFECTIVE T DEFINE A PLURALITY OF ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PATHS, MEANS FOR MOVING A TAPE ALONG A PLANE, A SOURCE OF LIGHT ON ONE SIDE OF THE TAPE PLANE, A PHOTO-DIODE CODE RESPONSIVE MEANS ON THE OTHER SIDE THEREOF RESPONSIVE TO LIGHT PASSING THROUGH THE CODE OPENING IN THE TAPE TO OPEN ONE OF SAID PATHS, AND A PULSE PRODUCING PHOTO-DIODE OFFSET FROM SAID PHOTO-DIODE CODE RESPONSIVE MEANS IN A DIRECTION PARALLEL TO THE TAPE MOVEMENT AND RESPONSIVE TO THE PULSING OPENING IN THE TAPE TO PULSE A SIGNAL THROUGH SAID OPENING PATH. 